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Rocq Prover, formerly known as Coq Proof Assistant, is an industrial-grade interactive theorem prover and dependently typed programming language. It is designed for mechanized reasoning in mathematics, computer science, and program verification, with the core goal of enabling users to write formal specifications, construct proofs, and have machines check the correctness of those proofs.
Rocq is based on the Gallina language and the polymorphic, cumulative Calculus of Inductive Constructions. It offers the expressive power of higher-order logic while also functioning as a strongly typed functional programming language. It supports defining data structures, functions, and predicates, stating theorems and software specifications, and developing proofs through interactive proof methods, tactic languages, and decision or semi-decision algorithms. Its proofs are checked by a relatively small certified kernel, which is a key source of trustworthiness. Rocq can also extract OCaml, Haskell, Scheme, and other code from specifications or verified definitions, making it suitable for certified program development.
The main text does not show any commercial pricing or SaaS plans. Rocq is released under LGPL 2.1 and is an open-source project; several learning materials are marked as free. Installation and the ecosystem mainly revolve around Rocq Platform, opam, Corelib, Stdlib, and the OCaml API.
Its strengths are its long history, with more than 40 years of research behind it, its ACM Software System Award, and its strong academic and industrial credibility. Documentation resources are also very rich, covering everything from beginner tutorials and reference manuals to advanced books, papers, and package documentation. Its drawbacks are a steep learning curve, requiring an understanding of type theory, formal logic, and proof engineering. It is not a general-purpose development tool, but rather a specialized system for high-assurance verification and formal research.
Rocq is suitable for formal methods researchers, programming language and compiler teams, mathematical formalization projects, high-assurance software engineers, and teams that need to prove that algorithms or programs satisfy specifications. For routine business development, the return on investment may be limited.
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